/* This programs does Granger Causal testing of the Box-Jenkins sales/ M data set. */ data lead; input obs x y; /* obs lead sales */ cards; 1 10.01 200.1 2 10.07 199.5 3 10.32 199.4 4 9.75 198.9 5 10.33 199.0 6 10.13 200.2 7 10.36 198.6 8 10.32 200.0 9 10.13 200.3 10 10.16 201.2 11 10.58 201.6 12 10.62 201.5 13 10.86 201.5 14 11.20 203.5 15 10.74 204.9 16 10.56 207.1 17 10.48 210.5 18 10.77 210.5 19 11.33 209.8 20 10.96 208.8 21 11.16 209.5 22 11.70 213.2 23 11.39 213.7 24 11.42 215.1 25 11.94 218.7 26 11.24 219.8 27 11.59 220.5 28 10.96 223.8 29 11.40 222.8 30 11.02 223.8 31 11.01 221.7 32 11.23 222.3 33 11.33 220.8 34 10.83 219.4 35 10.84 220.1 36 11.14 220.6 37 10.38 218.9 38 10.90 217.8 39 11.05 217.7 40 11.11 215.0 41 11.01 215.3 42 11.22 215.9 43 11.21 216.7 44 11.91 216.7 45 11.69 217.7 46 10.93 218.7 47 10.99 222.9 48 11.01 224.9 49 10.84 222.2 50 10.76 220.7 51 10.77 220.0 52 10.88 218.7 53 10.49 217.0 54 10.50 215.9 55 11.00 215.8 56 10.98 214.1 57 10.61 212.3 58 10.48 213.9 59 10.53 214.6 60 11.07 213.6 61 10.61 212.1 62 10.86 211.4 63 10.34 213.1 64 10.78 212.9 65 10.80 213.3 66 10.33 211.5 67 10.44 212.3 68 10.50 213.0 69 10.75 211.0 70 10.40 210.7 71 10.40 210.1 72 10.34 211.4 73 10.55 210.0 74 10.46 209.7 75 10.82 208.8 76 10.91 208.8 77 10.87 208.8 78 10.67 210.6 79 11.11 211.9 80 10.88 212.8 81 11.28 212.5 82 11.27 214.8 83 11.44 215.3 84 11.52 217.5 85 12.10 218.8 86 11.83 220.7 87 12.62 222.2 88 12.41 226.7 89 12.43 228.4 90 12.73 233.2 91 13.01 235.7 92 12.74 237.1 93 12.73 240.6 94 12.76 243.8 95 12.92 245.3 96 12.64 246.0 97 12.79 246.3 98 13.05 247.7 99 12.69 247.6 100 13.01 247.8 101 12.90 249.4 102 13.12 249.0 103 12.47 249.9 104 12.47 250.5 105 12.94 251.5 106 13.10 249.0 107 12.91 247.6 108 13.39 248.8 109 13.13 250.4 110 13.34 250.7 111 13.34 253.0 112 13.14 253.7 113 13.49 255.0 114 13.87 256.2 115 13.39 256.0 116 13.59 257.4 117 13.27 260.4 118 13.70 260.0 119 13.20 261.3 120 13.32 260.4 121 13.15 261.6 122 13.30 260.8 123 12.94 259.8 124 13.29 259.0 125 13.26 258.9 126 13.08 257.4 127 13.24 257.7 128 13.31 257.9 129 13.52 257.4 130 13.02 257.3 131 13.25 257.6 132 13.12 258.9 133 13.26 257.8 134 13.11 257.7 135 13.30 257.2 136 13.06 257.5 137 13.32 256.8 138 13.10 257.5 139 13.27 257.0 140 13.64 257.6 141 13.58 257.3 142 13.87 257.5 143 13.53 259.6 144 13.41 261.1 145 13.25 262.9 146 13.50 263.3 147 13.58 262.8 148 13.51 261.8 149 13.77 262.2 150 13.40 262.7 ; data lead; set lead; y1=y; y2=x; keep y1 y2; proc varmax data=lead(firstobs=11); model y1-y2 / p=10 dify=(1); proc varmax data=lead(firstobs=11); model y1-y2 / p=9 dify=(1); proc varmax data=lead(firstobs=11); model y1-y2 / p=8 dify=(1); proc varmax data=lead(firstobs=11); model y1-y2 / p=7 dify=(1); proc varmax data=lead(firstobs=11); model y1-y2 / p=6 dify=(1); proc varmax data=lead(firstobs=11); model y1-y2 / p=5 dify=(1); proc varmax data=lead(firstobs=11); model y1-y2 / p=4 dify=(1); proc varmax data=lead(firstobs=11); model y1-y2 / p=3 dify=(1); proc varmax data=lead(firstobs=11); model y1-y2 / p=2 dify=(1); proc varmax data=lead(firstobs=11); model y1-y2 / p=1 dify=(1); run; proc varmax data=lead; model y1-y2 / p=8 dify=(1); causal group1=(y1) group2=(y2); causal group1=(y2) group2=(y1); run;