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ANTH 4309/6309 -- Final Examination

Instructions:

Here are three questions from which you must select two (2). Please write 4-5 pages double-spaced typed with standard fonts (e.g., Times New Roman 12-pt.) and margins (1" top and bottom, 1.25" left and right). This will result in essays of about 1,000 to 1,250 words per answer.  Provide references in parenthetical form (Dean and Levi 2003:65) at the appropriate points within each essay, and include a list of References Cited at the end of each answer.

The essays are due in Prof. Kemper's departmental mailbox at 6:00 pm on May 6th.

The Questions

1) In some places in the world, indigenous rights seem to be improving; in other places, the human rights of indigenous peoples continue to be abused. Using at least three case studies in At the Risk of Being Heard and at least three case studies from Indigenous Peoples and the Modern State, discuss effective policies and strategies for empowering indigenous communities.

2) The pursuit of natural resources -- especially those related to energy production, distribution, and consumption -- often has significant consequences for the lands, the cultures, and the economies of indigenous peoples.  Using the case studies considered during the course, discuss these three significant issues for the present and future in regard to natural resources and indigenous rights.  Be sure to make appropriate use of the course readings, on-line materials, videos, and lectures/discussions.

3) The role of relatively small-scale non-governmental organizations [NGOs] in human rights campaigns, including those related to indigenous peoples, has become important in recent decades.  Discuss three different ways in which NGOs act in their efforts to empower indigenous communities. Finally, compare and contrast what NGOs can accomplish in their work with indigenous peoples vis-à-vis that done by national governments and international "governmental" entities (e.g., the United Nations, the International Labour Organisation, the World Bank).  Give appropriate examples from the course readings, on-line materials, videos, and lectures/discussions.