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CF 3333 Clash of Cultures |
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Tocqueville -- Carter Lecture (18 October 2005) |
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THE GROWTH OF DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS
I. Democracy A. Some Definitions of Democracy 1. equality 208 c1, par 1 2. popular control, in some sense, of government 183 c1, par 1 pluralism - competition of ideas and institutions 216 c1 par 1 Americans combat effects of isolation through association- associations reunite & empower- see 210, c2- 213 B. Democratic Institutions 1. institutions note plural- no master institution democratic institutions: pluralism C. The Age of Democratic Revolutions age of democratic revolutions adds to, enhances democratization- a process moving toward freedom- start of new age 269 bottom c1ff. Political Democracy: England as Case Study Pluralism: the Heritage of ’88 economic: Adam Smith,Wealth of Nations, 1776 laissez-faire social: second hand clothes religious- heritage of 1688, Catholic & Jewish emancipartion political: loyal opposition, mass parties mitigating effect of the Wesleys B. Popular Control of Government 1. 1688: the victory of Parliament after the Glorious Revolution 2. the growth of “democracy;” revenue officers disfranchised, 1782; rise of middle class: Catholic Emancipation, 1829 3. extension of the vote a. 1832: reapportionment and end of rotten boroughs c. 1884: right to vote granted to every male over 21 who was “inhabitant occupier” d. 1918: abolition of property qualifications; universal male suffrage; vote to women over 30; women in Commons equality- legal & political- largely yes by 1900- social & economic largely no red brick universities, mass dailies as moves toward equality III. Democratic Culture in the United States A new people: Tocqueville no chain of being- 209 c1 par 3 middle class triumphant Individualism T’s perspective- atomization- 210 c1 par 2 small private circle- 258 c2 on to the master bedroom of 20th century Equality new kind of relationships between folk master-servant- 239 and following parent-child- 244 and following-see 246 c2 last par note freedom of young women – 250ff. note rationality of young women- bottom of 250 c2 par 2 D. Materialism 222 ff T discovers North Park & CM- taste for well- being, for things, for money- all very evident in the new “industrial aristocracy discussed on 232ff- irony- but real fear- note 234 c2 last par IV. Democratic Institutions in the United States Self Rule problem- 192 c1 last – also 199 c1 par 2 but mitigating factorsdecentralized government- 200 c1 last par the law, teaching respect & prudence- 201 c2 par 1 the jury- 202 religion- 220ff.
B. Intermediate Organization 1. “public association,” Tocqueville- 215 c2 par 1 the Church as intermediate organization V. Tocqueville and Democracy Ambiguity Carter’s interpretation- top of 192 inevitability of democracy reason for trip search for aristocratic surrogates- churches, the bar, civic groups and yet the real problem of majoritarianism- see 195 col 2 note relationship of majoritarianism & egalitarianism B. Problems of Democracy 2. equality and liberty not always compatiblee
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