Lope de Vega & Spanish Golden Age Theatre

Timeline

1454 Actors paid to perform in Corpus Christi festival performances
1469 Spain united under marriage of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
1473 Printing introduced to Spain
1481 Spanish Inquisition established by Catholic Church to punish heretics
1492 Jews expelled from Spain; Columbus reaches North America; conquest of Granada and most of the Moors (Muslims) expelled, putting Spain 100% under Christian control
1500 The Comedy of Calisto and Melibea, first secular comedy published in Spain; attributed to Fernando de Rojas
1513 Juan del Encina: The Eclogue of Placida and Victoriana, key secular play
1519 Cortez conquers the Aztecs
1530 Pizzaro colonizes Peru
1538 Roman comedies by Plautus and Terence were required curriculum at Salamanca University in Spain
1549 Jesuits begin missionary work in South America
1542 Lope de Rueda first appears in documentation as actor in Seville
c. 1550 Auto sacramentales (one-act plays with religious subject matter)appear for the annual festival of Corpus Christi; production of autos taken over by city guilds; professional troupes now hired as performers; three autos presented annually
1551 Lope de Rueda begins writing auto sacramentales; he remains an actor and autor (manager of theatrical troupe)
1556-98 Philip II becomes king: period of greatest influence and power
1561 Madrid becomes capital of Spain
1565 Death of Lope de Rueda, first popular playwright of era; Cofradía de la Pasión de Jesucristo is the first religious confraternity to be granted the right/privilege to operate a theatre to raise monies for the poor
1570-80 Italian commedia dell’arte troupes tour Spain
1575 El Greco arrives in Spain from Greece
1579 Corral de la Cruz: first permanent theatre built in Spain
1583 Corral de la Principe: second permanent theatre, also built in Madrid
1587 Women licensed to appear onstage as actresses
1588 Defeat of Spanish Armada by English Navy of Elizabeth I
1592 The number of autos performed during Corpus Christi increased to four
1599 Spanish law requires female performers to be wives or daughters of company members and bans cross-dressing
1605 Miguel de Cervantes: Don Quixote, Part I; also wrote plays and entermeses (interludes) between 1580-87
1609 Spain expels “Moriscos,” Muslims still living in Spain
1609 Lope de Vega (Lope Félix de Vega Carpio) writes “The New Art of Playwriting” and claims to have written 483 comedias (full-length plays)
1612-18 Guillén de Castro writes Las Mocedades del Cid (The Youthful Adventures of Le Cid), about the expulsion of the Moors in 1492
1614 Lope de Vega: Fuente Ovejuna (The Sheep Well); Calderón (Pedro Calderón de la Barca) writes his first play
1616-30 Tirso de Molina writes El Burlador de Sevilla (The Trickster of Seville), the first Don Juan play
1623 Calderón writes plays for the Spanish court
1631 Cofradía de la Novena established: actors’ guild (still exists today)
1635 Death of Lope de la Vega; Calderón becomes director of the court theatre in Madrid
1636 Calderón: Life is A Dream
1647-1681 Calderón writes all autos performed in Madrid
1647 The number of autos performed during Corpus Christi reduced to two
1653 Actresses forbidden by law to wear strange headdresses, décolleté necklines, wide hooped skirts, or skirts not touching the floor; actresses could only wear one costume per play
1660 Celos Aun del Air Matan, the most famous zarzuela (stylized music drama), performed
1681 Death of Calderón
1659 Peace of the Pyrenees; Spain’s power begins decline
1765 Auto sacramentales prohibited by law

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