EXEMPLA 141 (c.1215)
I recall speaking one day with a certain
knight who frequented tournaments with great enthusiasm and encouraged
others to take part in them too, by sending criers and heralds out to proclaim
the tournaments; and he would not believe or assent to the proposition
that games or exercises of this sort were a sin, though in other respects
he was really quite religious. So I undertook to prove to him that in tournaments,
the seven deadly sins take the field as a company.
When the irreligious pace the tournament
course in search of men's praise and a hollow glory, they do not want for
pride; and the vain do not want for envy: they envy one another because
the one is though; to be more accomplished in arms and is alotted greater
praise than the others.
They do not want for hatred and wrath,
when one strikes another and mishandles him, and oftentimes wounds him
to the death and kills him; but thus they incur the fourth mortal sin too:
spiritual sloth or despair.
They are taken by vanity as well, for all
their spiritual property is rendered useless to them and they are saddened
greatly when they cannot prevail over the other side in the tournament
and are forced to quit the field in disgrace.
They do not want for the fifth deadly sin
-- greed or rapaciousness --, with one capturing another and then ransoming
him, and bearing off by force from the one whom he has beaten in a fight
the horse he had wanted to win; knights exact a burdensome and intolerable
cost in the name of their tournaments: they mercilessly steal the property
of men's good morals, and at the same time have no compunction about treading
down and scattering crops standing in fields: they bankrupt and abuse poor
peasants too.
Tournaments do not want for the sixth mortal
sin -- gluttony , with the knights in turn inviting and being invited to
great feasts, in the name of the world's glory; spending not only their
own property but also the property of poor people on useless banqueting;
and proclaiming lavish festivities at others' expense. 'Whatever errors
their kings commit, the Greeks must suffer for them.'
They do not want for the seventh deadly
sin, known to be lechery, while so striving to ingratiate themselves with
shameless women, if they can prove their prowess in arms; some are even
in the habit of bearing women's love tokens in place of martial banners.
So on account of the wrongs and cruelties
practiced there, the murders and the blood-letting, the church has established
that those killed in tournaments be denied Christian burial. In the tournament
course the irreligious do indeed pace, whence with a millstone and with
life's course they are painfully drowned in the depth of the sea - in the
depths of bitterness and pain.
When the knight with whom I was speaking
heard these words and so came to acknowledge openly the truth in them,
which he had never heard before, he undertook to regard as hateful thenceforth
those tournaments which previously he had loved so much.
[reading redimit instead of non redimit.
{2} i.e., 'whatever the great do wrong,
the poor must suffer;' proverbial: cf.
Cic. Div. 1.14, Hor. Ep. 1.2.14. 3Cf. Matt. 18:6.